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Universalis De Jure Hominum Declaratio

Praefatio

Cum dignitatis infixae omnibus humanae familiae partibus et eorum jurum aequalium, quae abalienari non possunt, agnitio constituat et in orbe terrarum libertatis et justitiae et pacis fundamentum,

Cum hominis jurum mala cognitio contemptioque barbariae facta, quae humanitatis conscientiam ad rebellionem incitant, adduxerint, cumque mundi initium in quo homines, liberati a terrore et miseria, loquendi credendique libertatem habebunt, renuntiatum sit ut hominis altissima affectatio,

Cum praecipuum sit hominum jura civitatis forma quae justa est tegi, ne homo cogatur, ultimo perfugio, ut rebellionem faciat in tyranniam oppressionemque,

Cum praecipuum sit progressionem amicitiarum inter nationes incitari,

Cum in Carta gentes Conjunctarum Nationum rursus pronuntiaverint suam fidem in juribus praecipuis hominum, in dignitate et virtute hominis, in aequabilitate jurum virorum et feminarum, et se dixerint prompti ad favendum progressui civili et ad gignendum meliores conditiones vitae in majore libertate,

Cum sociae civitates pollicitae sint se affirmaturas esse verecundiam universam veramque jurum hominis et libertatum praecipuarum, temperatione Nationum Conjunctarum adjuvante,

Cum quaedam communis conceptio horum jurum et libertatum gravissima sit, ut obligatio haec plane expleatur,

Communis Conventus jurum hominis praesentem universalem Declarationem pronuntiat ut communis perfectus qui petatur ab omnibus populis et omnibus nationibus, ut societatis singuli homines et omnes partes, habentes hanc declarationem constanter in mente, institutione et educatione conantur ut horum jurum libertatumque respectus evolvatur, et firmentur ordinis nationalis et internationalis consiliorum incessu gratia et universalis veraque admotio tam in ipsarum sociarum civitatum populationibus quam in finium populationibus quae eorum jurisdictioni subactae sunt.

I

Omnes homines liberi aequique dignitate atque juribus nascuntur. Ratione conscientiaque praediti sunt et alii erga alios cum fraternitate se gerere debent.

II

Quisque potest sibi assumere libertates omnes omnesque jures in hac declaratione pronuntiatos, sine ulla distinctione gentis, coloris, sexus, linguae, religionis, politicae sententiae aut omnis generis sententiae, nationis originis aut civitatis, divitiarum aut ortus aut omnis generis situs.

Praeterea fietur nulla distinctio condita in civili decreto, juridico aut internationali gentis aut finium cujus est aliquis, sive gens aut fines liberi sunt, sive sub tutella, sive non suae potestatis sive subacti termino aliquo sui imperii.

III

Quisque jus habet vivere, liber esse et in tuto vivere.

IV

Nemo servitudine tenebitur. Omnes servitudines omnibus modis prohibentur.

V

Nullus cruciabitur neque poenis nec tractationibus, quae humanae sunt, objicietur.

VI

Quisque jus habet suam juridicam personam in omnibus locis accipi.

VII

Omnes ante legem aequi sunt et sine ulla distinctione jus habent aequum praesidium legis habere. Omnes jus habent praesidio aequo contra omnem discrimen qui hanc Declarationem violet et contra omnem incitationem ad talem discrimen.

VIII

Omnis jus habet recurrere pro idoneo judice gentis contra facta violantia jures suffundatos quae sibi recognescuntur a constitutione aut lege.

IX

Nullus ex libidine apprehendi in vinculis esse, exsulari potest.

X

Omnes jus habent in tota aequitate suam causam recte et publice a judicibus liberis aequabilibusque audiri, qui statuunt vel de juribus obligationibusque, vel de veritate omnis criminis contra se.

XI

Quisquis accusatus delicto innocens est dum noxa sua jure statuata est publico judicio ubi obsides omnes necessariae ad se defendendum affirmatae erunt.
Nemo damnabitur propter acta vel praetermissiones quae, cum commitata sunt, non constituebant delictum ex jure suae gentis vel universarum gentium. Item nulla gravior culpa irrogabitur quam illa quae applicari potuit cum delictum factum est.

XII

Nemo patibitur intercessiones ab arbitrio in rebus privatis, in familia, domo aut in epistularum consuetudine, nec ictus contra honorem famamque. Omnis jus habet lege protegi contra tales intercessiones aut talia vulnera.

XIII

Quisque jus habet libenter iter facere et in civitate suam domum eligere.
Omnis jus habet ex omni et sua patria abire et in suam patriam redire.

XIV

In vexatione omnis jus habet perfugium quaerere et perfugium ab aliis regionibus impetrare.
Hoc jus non invocari potest in casu actionum vere constitutarum in communis juris scelere aut in factis adversus metas principiaque Conjunctarum Nationum.

XV

Omnis jus habet nationis esse.
Nemo ex libidine a sua gente privari potest neque gentis mutandae a jure privari.

XVI

Ex matrimonio se jugendi aetate, vir mulierque jus habent, nullo genere, nulla gente aut religione id nequaquam impediente, matrimonio se jungere et familiam constituere. Jura equalia habent pro matrimonio, per matrimonium et per divortium.
Matrimonium confici non potest sine conjugum pleno liberoque consensu.
Familia societatis naturale praecipuumque elementum est et jus habet a societate et rei publica muniri.

XVII

Omnis, vel solus vel conjucte, mancipii jus habet.
Nemo potest ab arbitrio a mancipio privatus esse.

XVIII

Omnis jus sentientae, conscientiae religionisque libertati habet. Hoc jus religionem aut conscientiam mutandi libertatem atque libertatem religionem aut fidem solam aut communem manifestam faciendi implicat, tam publice quam private, doctrina, religionibus, sacris ritorum effectuque.

XIX

Omnis jus opinionis et verba dicendi libertati habet; quod jus non ob opiniones suas inquietari implicat, atque jus petendi, recipiendi divulgandique sine finium considerationibus percontationes cogitationesque quacumque elocutione

XX

Omnis homo jus habet libertati pacificae consociationis conventusque
Nemo potest coagi ut consociationi intersit.

XXI

Omnis homo jus habet suae gentis rerum publicarum administrationi interesse, vel directo, vel per repraesentes libere lectos.
Omnis homo jus habet conditione aequa ad suae patriae officia publica accedere.
Populi voluntas publicorum imperiorum auctoritatis fundamentum est ; illa voluntas creatione honesta exprimi debet, quae statis diebus fieri debent, universali aequo suffragio secretaque tabella vel secundum aequalem judiciorum formulam suffragii libertatem in tuto collocantem.

XXII

Omnis homo, ut rei publicae socius, sociali securitati jus habet; hic homo jus habet satisfactionem impetrare jurum publicorum, sociorum humanorumque quae necessaria ad suam dignitatem et progressum liberum sui est, per laborem suae patriae et operam aliarum gentium, pro temperatione et divitiis omnis gentis.

XXIII

Omnis homo, labori, liberae optioni laboris, conditionibus aequis idoneisque laboris et tutelae adversus inopiam laboris jus habet.
Universi, sine discrimine,aequo praemio aequo labore jus habent.
Quiscumque laborat, jus habet aequae remunerationi idoneaeque quae sibi familiaeque confirmat vitam consentaneam humanae dignitati et, si oportet, completae omnibus ceteribus rationibus sociae tutelae.
Omnis homo cum aliis hominibus consociationes condere et consociationibus socios sibi adjungere ad commoda defendenda jus habet.

XXIV

Omnes jus habent cum quieti et otiis tum circumscriptioni modicae temporis laboris et commeatibus statis quae pecunia soluuntur

XXV

Omnes jus habent satis altae vitae ut suam valetudinem et suae familiae et suam voluptatem confirmet, praesertim quod pertinet ad cibum, vestem, domum, medicinales curas et beneficia socialia quae necesseria sunt. Omnes jus habent securitati in penuria laboris aut in morbo aut in infirmitate aut in viduitate aut in senectute aut in aliis casibus in quibus copia vivendi esse non potest, temporibus voluntatem non sequentibus.
Mater et infans jus habent auxilio et praesentiae propriae. Omnes pueri, sive in matrmonio sive extra matrimonium nati sunt, eodem sociali praesidio fruuntur.

XXVI

Omnis jus habet educationi. Educatio debet gratuita esse, quod saltem pertinet ad primas praecipuasque litteras. Primae litterae sunt necessariae. Doctrinae ad scientiam et ad professionem pertinentes multis exponenda est; oportet aditum studiis superis in tota aequalitate omnibus secundum meritum patere.
Oportet educationem spectare ad totam hominum beatitudinem et ad respectus jurum hominis et libertatum primarum confirmationem.Oportet educationem favere cogitationi, patientiae amicitiaeque inter omnes gentes, omnia generum aut religionum globos; oportet educationem favere progressioni operarum nationum sociatarum ad pacis conservationem.
Parentes in primis jus habent eligere genus educationis quod interest dare liberis suis.

XXVII

Omnis homo jus habet libere interesse culturae societatis, et frui artibus, et interesse profectibus scientiae et beneficiis quae id sequuntur.
Omnis jus habet tutelae beneficiorum moralium et materialium generatorum omni procreatione scientiae, litterarum aut artium quorum auctor est.

XXVIII

Omnis jus habet in socialibus et externis rebus ordinem regnari, ut jura et libertates enuntiatae in hac Declaratione fieri possint.

XXIX

Cuique officia sunt erga societatem, in qua solum liberum plenumque incrementum ingenii fieri potest.
In usu jurium et fructu libertatum, quisque subjicitur solum finibus lege conditis, ut solum firmet gratiam et respectum jurium libertatumque alieni, et satisfaciat rectis expostulationibus honesti, reipublicae concordiae et universae in sociatate populari valetudinis.
Haec jura libertatesque nullo modo exerceri poterunt adversus proposita et principia Nationum Conjunctorum.

XXX

Nullum decretum hujus Declarationis interpretari potest quasi civitati, societati aut cuidam homini jus aliquid implicans se dedendi alicui facinori aut aliquid faciendi ad libertates et jura evertenda, quae hoc loco enuntiata sunt.

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland

Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers

Whereas adequate protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms to which all persons are entitled, be they economic, social and cultural, or civil and political, requires that all persons have effective access to legal services provided by an independent legal profession.

Governments shall ensure that efficient procedures and responsive mechanisms for effective and equal access to lawyers are provided for all persons within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, without distinction of any kind, such as discrimination based on race, colour, ethnic origin, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin......

Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials

Law enforcement officials shall at all times fulfil the duty imposed upon them by law, by serving the community and by protecting all persons against illegal acts, consistent with the high degree of responsibility required by their profession.

The term "law enforcement officials', includes all officers of the law, whether appointed or elected, who exercise police powers, especially the powers of arrest or detention. In the performance of their duty, law enforcement officials shall respect and protect human dignity and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons.

International Criminal Court of the United Nations Hague, Netherlands

Basic Principles of Justice for Victims

"Victims" means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States,including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power.

Victims should be treated with compassion and respect for their dignity. They are entitled to access to the mechanisms of justice and to prompt redress, as provided for by national legislation, for the harm that they have suffered.

Kofi Annan

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights prohibited all forms of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, torture remains unacceptably common. States must honour this prohibition and vigorously combat the impunity of perpetrators of torture. Those who conceive of or authorize any form of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and those who commit such acts, should not go unpunished.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home -- so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; ... Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.

Ban Ki-moon

Drafted amid utter destruction and destitution following the Second World War, the Declaration reflects humanity’s aspirations for a future of prosperity, dignity and peaceful coexistence. Its adoption was a landmark. Today, the Declaration remains a core part of the UN’s very identity. The challenges we face today are as daunting as those that confronted the Declaration’s drafters.

International Human Rights Charter

Human Rights are universal legal guarantees protecting individuals and groups against actions by Governments that interfere with
fundamental freedoms and human dignity. Human rights law obliges Governments to do some things and prevents them from doing others.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The States Parties to the present Covenant,

Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,

Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his civil and political rights,

Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes: to ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, to ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world;

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms;

Now, therefore, The General Assembly,

Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance......

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The States Parties to the present Covenant,

Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,

Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his civil and political rights,

The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth.....